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Backpressure

2026-04-20System DesignStreamingResilience

How producers and consumers negotiate throughput so that a fast upstream never overwhelms a slow downstream.

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Prerequisites

◆Queues and buffers

◆Producer / consumer model

◆TCP/IP basics

◆Event-driven architecture

Engineering Notes

Backpressure is the single most important resilience mechanism in any streaming system. An unbounded queue is not a solution — it just delays the crash. Always bound your buffers and decide explicitly what happens when they fill.

Related Concepts

◆Rate Limiting

◆Circuit Breaker

◆Reactive Streams (Project Reactor)

◆Queue Depth Monitoring

◆TCP Sliding Window

◆Load Shedding

◆Consumer Lag

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